Modern prosthetics: practical experience of Mykhailo Makarov at Lviv Polytechnic University


On October 14, the Tutoring and Mentoring Center of Lviv Polytechnic organized an informative presentation on the practical experience of Mykhailo Makarov — a certified prosthetist for upper and lower limbs, who is pursuing a degree in Biomedical Engineering at the Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics Processing (CTPP) at the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (ICCT). The event was attended by students and faculty members, including associate professors of the CTPP department, Halyna Dudok and Nataliya Semeniuk. Mykhailo Makarov provided a detailed explanation of modern approaches to prosthetics and emphasized that each prosthesis is created individually, taking into account the patient’s physical characteristics and lifestyle. According to him, the process begins with a thorough assessment of the patient: age, weight, height, activity level, living conditions, family status, type of work, and daily needs are all determined. This information allows for the selection of prosthetic components that can withstand the required load and ensure comfortable use. The speaker paid special attention to hip prosthetics and the IC-socket — a specialized receiving socket that secures the residual limb through anatomical support on the ischial bone. This socket provides a reliable and comfortable connection between the prosthesis and the patient’s body, allowing the restoration of natural range of motion and reducing the risk of tissue damage. Before prosthesis fabrication, it is important to assess the patient’s readiness: the condition of the residual limb, muscle strength, range of motion in the joints, and overall health. Scars after amputation are checked especially carefully — the socket must fit tightly against the surface of the residual limb, and any unhealed areas may complicate fixation. Shaping of the residual limb is carried out using elastic bandages or specialized shaping sleeves to give the limb the correct conical form, reduce swelling, and prevent contractures. Mykhailo Makarov also described the use of bandages at the preparation stage, as well as procedures such as myodesis and myoplasty, which stabilize muscle tissue and ensure effective prosthesis attachment. After assessing the patient’s condition, prosthetic components are selected: feet, knee and elbow mechanisms, as well as cushioning and fixation elements. Each component has its own manufacturer’s certificate and is individually selected. Initially, a trial prosthesis is made to evaluate comfort, pressure, and correct alignment of the elements. After fitting and adjustments, the final model is created. Training the patient to use the prosthesis includes standing, walking, balancing, and controlling muscle strength. Simultaneously, a rehabilitation specialist helps restore coordination, trunk and healthy limb strength, and daily activity skills. Regular check-ups with the prosthetist and care for the residual limb and socket are mandatory to maintain health and prevent complications. He also discussed modern prosthetic arms. They consist of mechanical or electronic components: adaptive grippers, motion sensors, and power actuators. Interaction between these elements allows restoration of the ability to grasp, perform precise finger movements, and carry out complex manipulations. Each prosthetic arm is individually formed, taking into account the patient’s anatomical features, muscle strength, and lifestyle. Mykhailo Makarov’s presentation showed that modern prosthetic technologies give people the ability to move, restore confidence, and lead an active lifestyle. Nataliya Bokla, head of the Tutoring and Mentoring Center at Lviv Polytechnic, emphasized the importance of continuing such meetings, as they combine theoretical knowledge with real practical experience.